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Content: Introduction: 0:00 Topography of Kidney: 00:45 Functions of Kidneys: 01:16 External Structures: 03:37 Coverings of the Kidneys: 04:30 Internal Structures of Kidneys: 06:26 Renal Lobe - Nephron: 09:36 Topography of the Heart 8:34 ------------------------------- 💎Channel membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEr7pkSXVsHcBLLBcJAGV-Q/join 📷 Follow my IG: https://www.instagram.com/taimtalksmed/ 💝 Donation link: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/taimtalksmed ------------------------------- Topography of the Kidney: - Right Kidney is lower than the left kidney - Both start at T12 - Left one Ends at L2 and the Right end at L3 Functions of Kidneys: - Plasma Filtration ○ Through Nephron - Excretion of waste productions - Acid-Base Homeostasis - Hormone Production - Vitamin D Metabolism External Structures: - 120-200 grams - 10-13 cm Long - 5-6 cm wide - 4 cm thick - Inferior pole (Extremitas Inferior) - Superior Pole Extremitas Superior) has suprarenal gland on it - Lateral Bordner (Margo Lateralis) - Medial Border (Margo Medialis) ○ Hilum of Kidney (Hilum Renalis) Coverings of the Kidneys: - Fibrous Capsule (Capsula Fibrosa) - Perinephric Fat (Capsula Adiposa) - Renal Fascia (Fascia Renalis) ○ Anterior Layer § Prerenal Layer (Lamina Prerenalis) § Fascia of Toldt ○ Posterior Layer § Retrorenal Layer (Lamina Retrorenalis) § Fascia of Zuckerkandl ○ Fuse Laterally ○ Peritoneum Internal Structures: - Sinus Renalis - Renal Sinus Fat - Renal Pelvis (Pelvis Renalis) - Renal Calyces (Calyces Renalis) - Renal Medulla (Medulla Renalis) ○ Renal Pyramids (Pyramides Renales) ○ Renal Lobes (Lobi Renales) ○ The base of the Renal Pyramids ○ The apex of the Renal Pyramids ○ Renal Papilla (Papillae Renales) ○ Renal Medullary Rays (Radii Medullares) ○ Loop of Henle and Collecting duct ○ Openings of Papillary Ducts (Foramina Papillaria) - Renal Cortex (Cortex Renalis) ○ 4-11 mm thick ○ Renal Columns (Columna Renalis) ○ Has Renal Corpuscle, Proximal Convoluted tube, and Distal convoluted tube - Minor Renal Calyces (Calyx renales Minor) - Major Renal Calyces (Calyx Renales Major) Renal Lobe - Nephron: - Renal Corpuscle (Corpusculum Renis) ○ Glomerulus ○ Afferent Arteriole (Vas Afferens) ○ Efferent Arteriole (Vas Efferens) ○ Glomerular Capsule (Capsula Glomeruli) - Proximal Convoluted Tube (Tubulus Proximalis) ○ Convoluted Part ○ Straight Part - Loop of Henle (Ansa Nephroni)*** ○ Ascending Part ○ Descending Part - Distal Convoluted Tube (Tubulus Distalis) - Collecting Duct (Ductus Colligentes) - Papillary Duct (Ductus Papillares) - Opening of Papillary Duct (Foramina papillaria) Sources used in this video: - Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author) - Complete Anatomy by 3d4medical - Biorender - University notes and lectures